Topic Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic Responses - Essay Example Stem cell research entails investigations on basic cells that have the ability to create other cells. Stem cell research has always been a controversial issue, but from my perspective, I believe it will have a lot of advantages (Cohen, 2012). Stem cell research will provide a breakthrough in medicine through coming up with means of treating some of the incurable diseases present todays (Cohen, 2012). With proper advancement of this field and proper channeling of the knowledge in stem cell, management of some incurable diseases might become possible in the future when they can manage to make the stem cells regenerate newer cells (Cohen, 2012). Bacteria are unicellular living microorganisms whereas viruses are nonliving. Viruses often live in a host in order to multiply whereas bacteria can even grow on any non-living surface (Cohen, 2012). Furthermore, viruses often invade a given host’s cells and then turn the given cell’s genetic material to make their own products (Cohen, 2012). Bacteria on the other hand carry their machineries needed for growth and multiplication with them. Viruses only carry information inform of DNA or RNA packaged in a proteins coat (Cohen, 2012). The commonest method used in identification of most bacterial species is the gram staining method (Cohen, 2012). This method is often used in identifying gram positive and gram negative bacteria on their basis of their cell wall properties. The first stain applied is the crystal violet, which then the bacteria is treated with a given mordant (Cohen, 2012). Later, the bacteria is washed by a decolorizing agent like alcohol then stained with safranin (red dye). Gram positives will be stained violet while gram negatives pink (Cohen, 2012). Acid fast staining is often used for bacteria that are not gram staining. It is mostly used for acid fast bacteria like

Manila and Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Manila and Jose Rizal Essay Jose Rizal is our national hero but seriously i don’t know a lot about him. But when I watched the film about Dr. Jose Rizal I was shocked and amazed because of his sacrifice for our country. I though the he was a brilliant individual. He served as an inspiration to all Filipino. During his lifetime, he spent many years outside the Philippines, enriching himself through education, especially in Madrid, Spain. The distance did not diminish nor reduce his love for his country. Far from his motherland, he looked across the seas to find its strength, as well as its weaknesses, in order to uplift it from the abuses of foreign rule. One of the problems and this I feel strongly, with our current approach to Rizal is that it removes him from our ability to relate. But to continue to hold that up as a reason why he should be admired is kind of ridiculous. Because of how we approach Rizal, with all these misguided attempts at humanizing him, we fail to approach him as he would have wanted: Through his ideas, his dreams, his hopes, his understanding in the Philippines, his words that inspire many Filipinos. His real words, not those carefully edited. Not the number of women he supposedly slept with. And most definitely not in the number of languages he spoke. Rizal and I shared the same belief that students must be urged by patriotic ideals and by their passionate love for their country, the Philippines, love for truth and proper values of education. Dr. Jose P. Rizal had given proof of desiring liberty for his country, and he set down as a premise, the education of the people. His teachings greatly influence in me. Like him, I believe in people power and consider myself a modern Rizal youth of today, as the hope of my motherlands tomorrow. He is very nationalistic and I want to reserve my nationalism as well. Like Rizal, Im proud to be a Filipino.

Rabbit Genetics :: essays research papers

Rabbit Genetics The similarity between the physiology of rabbits and humans makes the rabbit a good model for research into human disease. The most prevalent types of rabbits are cottontails and European rabbits. Domestic rabbits are tame assortments of European rabbits. The Californian, Florida White, and New Zealand White are the most common breeds used in research. Until 1912 rabbits were classified as rodents. Scientists discovered that the two types of animals differed in several distinct anatomical ways. Rabbits, for instance, have a second pair of upper incisors, known as "peg teeth," that are found behind the two main visible incisors in the upper jaw. Rabbits have elongated hind legs adapted for moving at high speeds over open areas. Rabbits generally move in a hopping motion. They also have webbed toes to keep them from spreading as they hop. Rabbits have flexible necks, which allow them to turn their heads more than rodents. Their spines are long and fragile and susceptible to fractures if the animal is held improperly. Research The ability to produce tumors in rabbits makes them useful models to study chemo/immunotherapy, as well as immunoprevention of certain cancers. Cholesterol studies: Rabbits have been used to test Probucol, a drug that lowers blood cholesterol and retards the development of hardening of the arteries. Eye ear and skin studies: Rabbits are used to study middle and inner ear infections, which affect millions of infants and children each year. †¢ Rabbits are also used to study Entropion, a condition in which the eyelashes are turned inward, as well as Glaucoma, which often results in blindness. †¢ Rabbits are used in eye and skin irritation tests to develop appropriate procedures for handling certain chemicals and to predict the toxicity of accidental exposure. †¢ More than 10,000 blind or visually impaired people have benefited from corneal transplants, possible only because of hundreds of trials on rabbits. Drug metabolism: Rabbits have been used to study the effects of marijuana on the central nervous system. Pregnacy Test Presently a woman who wants to find out if she's pregnant need only make a quick trip to the local drug, grocery, or convenience store; purchase an over-the-counter home pregnancy test kit; perform a simple test; and she'll know the results within a matter of minutes. Not so long ago, however, it was not nearly as quick or easy: Awomawho thought she might be with child had to schedule an appointment with her doctor, make a trip to his office, give a urine sample, go home, then spend an anxious couple of days waiting for the office to telephone with the test results.

Inuits of Greenland: An Adaptive Society Essay -- Geography Geographic

Inuits of Greenland: An Adaptive Society In a world far different from our own in the Northern Hemisphere lies an indigenous society known as the Inuits. Specifically focusing on the Inuits of Greenland these people have adopted various risk management strategies which has enabled them to survive in a harsh arctic environment. In indigenous cultures, their well-being and sustainability is managed through control of population growth like most present day indigenous societies have been influenced by western ideas and technologies, in which some of these influences have been beneficial while other western influences have threatened their traditional way of life. The Inuits or â€Å"Kalaallit† are the native people of Greenland, they have lived there for almost one thousand years. Today Greenland’s population is around 55,000, 85 percent of whom are Inuit (Caulfield:1997,1). The national language is Greenlandic, which is an branch of Inupik, or Eskimo language. There are three dialects according to the region in which they are spoken, such as West Greenlandic, East Greenlandic and Polar-Eskimo. Hunting, along with fishing is fundamental to their livelihood. Today, the Inuits are highly dependent on traditional methods of obtaining food through hunting and fishing. Inuits were first introduced to Westerners in the Thirteenth century. The encounters began between the Norse colonists on Western shore and Inuit hunters. During the 17th and 18th centuries, traders returned to Europe with many artifacts from the Inuits. They also took these indigenous people as slaves, stolen from their native land to be put on display. The Inuits were viewed as heavy but happy people surviving in a rough environment. These i... ...Wendell H., Eskimos and Explorers. Novato, California: Chandler and Sharp Publishers, Inc., 1979. Lamblin, Robert Joelle, â€Å"Socio-demographic situation of the Yuit and Inuit Eskimos and Chukchis of Chukotka.† Etudes/Inuit/Studies, v. 17 (2): pp.73-96, 1993. Silis, Ivars. â€Å"Narwhal Hunters of Greenland.† National Geographic v.165: pp. 520-539, 1984. Smith, Eric A., Smith Abigail S., Inuit Sex-Ratio Variation, Population Control, Ethnographic Error, or Parent Manipulation.† Current Anthropology, v.35 Dec. Dec.1994, p.595-604. Weissner, Polly, â€Å"Risk, Reciprocity and Social influences on !Kung San Economics.† Course packet, p.43-55. Britannica Encyclopedia Online. http://www.Encyclopedia Britannica Encarta Encyclopedia Online Deluxe. http://www.encarta.com Greenland Guide.http://www.greenland-guide.com

Radon Gas Case Study Essay

OBJECTIVE: Build a simple ionization chamber that is capable of detecting fairly low levels of radiation BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Radon is a cancer-causing gas. It comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water and gets into the air you breathe. These radioactive materials â€Å"decay† into lighter elements, emitting energetic sub-atomic particles in the process, and one of those lighter elements is Radon. Since radon is a noble gas, it is chemically inert and doesn’t stay bound in the solid the way it’s parent did. It diffuses right through solids and ends up floating freely in the air. Being a noble gas, radon is fairly harmless, itself. You breathe in some radon with every breath but then you breathe it right back out, since it isn’t chemically active or electrically charged. But radon has a short half-life of only about four days, meaning that about half of it will decay within four days, producing new, even lighter radioactive isotopes of other elements like polonium, lead, and bismuth. Those isotopes keep decaying, until a stable isotope of lead is reached. These radon â€Å"daughters† are not noble gasses like radon, they are usually ionized when they are produced, and they will readily stick to anything nearby, like healthy lung tissue. They typically have an even shorter half-life than radon and quickly decay inside the lung, kicking out energetic alpha and beta particles that can cause tissue damage and potentially trigger lung cancer. This unfortunate chain of events is due to the decay chain including a noble gas. Radon gas is considered to be the second leading cause of lung cancer. It can get into any type of building — homes, offices, and schools — and result in a high indoor radon level. But, we are most likely to get your greatest exposure at home, where we spend most of our time. It typically moves up through the ground to the air above and into your home through cracks and other holes in the foundation. Any home traps radon inside, where it can build up. Any home may have a radon problem. This means new and old homes, well-sealed and drafty homes, and homes with or without basements. These are examples where you can find the noble gas: 1. Cracks in solid floors 2. Construction Joints 3. Cracks in walls 4. Gaps in suspended floors 5. Water supply It breaks down into solid radioactive elements called radon progeny. Radon progeny can attach to dust and other particles and can be breathed into the lungs. As radon and radon progeny in the air break down, they give off alpha particles, a form of high-energy radiation that can damage our health. Radon daughters will stick to just about anything they encounter, so they are easily collected by drawing air through a dusting cloth with an ordinary fan. After collecting the daughters for about an hour or two, the radiation being emitted from the cloth due to the further decay of the collected radioactive isotopes can be measured with a simple ionization chamber made from an empty coffee can, a single Darlington transistor, and a digital voltmeter. The deceivingly simple ion chamber is quite sensitive and can detect radon daughters in buildings with radon concentrations below the â€Å"action level† recommended by health authorities. A simple ionization chamber is nothing more than a metal can with a wire inside. When a radioactive particle passes through the air in the chamber, many of the molecules of air are ionized, having electrons knocked loose from the outer atomic shells. Applying a positive voltage on the outer can relative to the internal wire, causes these ions to be attracted to the wire and the free electrons to be attracted to the interior wall of the can. This movement of charge is a tiny current that may be amplified to detect the rate at which ions are being generated, and thereby the rate that radioactive particles are passing through the can. The chamber will be detecting mostly beta  particles. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Copper is an essential element for all known living organisms, including humans. You need a small amount of copper in your diet to stay healthy. On average, most people will eat and drink about 1,000 micrograms ( ÃŽ ¼g) of copper per day—drinking water normally contributes approximately 150 ÃŽ ¼g per day. Levels of copper found naturally in ground water and surface water are typically very low—about 4 ÃŽ ¼g of copper in one liter (L) of water or less—however, drinking water may contain higher levels of copper, usually as a result of flowing through copper pipes. High levels of copper can occur if water that is corrosive comes in contact with copper plumbing and copper-containing fixtures. Many factors can make water corrosive for copper pipes: dissolved salts and minerals, bacteria, and suspended solids, such as sand, sediment, and rust. The level of copper in drinking water increases with the corrosivity of the water and the length of time it remains in contact with the plumbing. If the copper level gets too high, the water may have a metallic taste and you might notice blue or blue-green stains around sinks and plumbing fixtures. It will be highest in the morning because the water will have been exposed to the pipes overnight. If you are being served by a public water system, the owner of the utility will have results of  copper sampling, which is a process that has been done in parts of the water-distribution system. In this chemistry science fair project, you will investigate another possible factor in making water corrosive for copper — the pH of the water. You will test the theory that acidic water is more corrosive for copper pipes than non-acidic water. In the procedure, dingy copper pennies will be placed in either plain water or in water with acetic acid (vinegar). You may know that newly minted pennies have bright, shinny copper but over time the copper and air react and the pennies build up a layer of copper oxide on them. The copper oxide is the dull, dark coloration on well-used pennies. In this experiment, if the water is corrosive enough to strip off the copper oxide then you will see the progress of the reaction by watching the pennies go from dull and dingy to bright and shiny. The pennies get shiny because the copper oxide is being stripped off by a reaction, which results in increasing levels of copper in the liquid. Unfortunately, water that is corrosive slowly eats away at the pure copper, as well as at the copper oxide. For houses with corrosive water systems, this can result in elevated levels of copper in the drinking water. On a purely practical level, houses with corrosive water systems might find that their copper pipes are springing leaks, and that the whole house needs to be re-piped with plastic pipes! To measure the amount of copper present in the solutions that are used to clean the pennies, you will perform a color-based chemical test. The chemicals for the test are contained in a small tablet, which is dissolved in water. When the tablet is dissolved, the solution turns reddish-orange. If no copper (or very small amounts of copper) is present, the solution remains reddish-orange. If copper is present, the solution will turn blue.

Teddy Roosevelt essays

Teddy Roosevelt essays Theodore Roosevelt, the second of four children, was born in New York, New York on October 27, 1858. He was part Dutch, English, Welsh, Scottish, Irish, French, and German. Because of Roosevelts poor health, he suffered from asthma and defective vision. He had great energy, curiosity, and determination like his father. Teedie as his family would call him, loved books and the outdoors. He combined these interests into nature study. When he was ten and again when he was fourteen, Teedie went with his family on yearlong trips to Europe and the Middle East. His father built a gymnasium in his house so he could exercise regularly. His father said that he would need a strong body to give his mind a chance to develop fully. Over time, Roosevelt overcame his asthma and built up unusual physical strength. On October 27, 1880, Roosevelt married Alice Hathaway. They were a happily married couple for about 3 years until she died on February 13, 1884, following a baby girl the next day named, Alice Roosevelts mother died on the same day as Theodores wife. Baby Alice survived, and was subsequently married in a lavish White House ceremony to Nicholas Longworth. Meanwhile, Roosevelt married his childhood sweetheart, Edith Kermit Carow, in London. She was an intelligent, sensitive and cultivated woman. Resignedly, she accepted many of her husbands most disruptive decisions, such as his break with the Republican Party in 1912. She gave four sons-Theodore, Jr.; Archibals; Quentin; and a daughrt Ethel. The energetic kids in the Roosevelt family were the liveliest group of children to live in the White House. September 14, 1901 Roosevelt took the oath of office at Buffalo and became the twenty-sixth President of the United States. At age 42, he was the youngest man to hold that office. In May of 1902, Crater Lake National Park was established. Other National Parks established by Roosevelt are Windy Cave National Pa...

Accepting Yourself essays

Accepting Yourself essays It is easy in the world to live after the worlds opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of the solitude. That was once said by Emerson in his Self-Reliance essay. The phrase above states that its easy to forget who you are when you are in among a crowd of people or your friends, but the one who can be him or herself when they are around a crowd is the real you. I was transferred from a work farm out in the south to the Oregon psychiatric hospital all of the other patients in the ward notice something different about him. I caused most of the disturbance during the night calling the nurses and the aides inappropriate names. I placed many bets that I could get transferred out of that ward just as fast as I did the one before that, and the one before that. There was this one nurse who I couldnt stand at all so I bet I could make her go off on me by the end of the week, for sure I could get kicked out then. I didnt like any of the other men in my ward, they were very different than me. They acted as if they were in there and havent did a thing wrong in their entire life and act as if they were fine. I know I have done wrong and I know that I will have to pay the consequences now, I learned to accept thats who I am and I am not willing to change for anyone. The best solution I could have done was when I was myself, I do not regret one thing I said or one thing I did while I was in the ward. I was myself, I was who I wanted to be, I did what I wanted when I was around everyone else. I had many people who didnt like me and many people said Well, Randle if you want them to think you are cured, you better change or you are never going to get out here. I did not care if I got out or not, that is who I was. The other men in the ward learned to accept m ...

Write an Account of Life, political Career and Achievements essays

Write an Account of Life, political Career and Achievements essays Many people associate the 1920's in Russia as a preparation for Stalin, and the period of time after 1953 as a long recovery from his dictatorship. People who were anti-revolution pointed to the horror and fatality under Stalin as justification for their position on the issue of the revolution. On the other hand, pro-revolutionaries point to the fact that he was ultimately victorious in his efforts. In the following I will cover Stalin's life, and Russia under his rule. I will explain his run-ins with the law, his rise to power, what he did with his power, and his evil plan for a hold on to power (which involved killing those people who threatened him or were in his way.) Stalin was born in 1879 in Gori, Georgia. His parents were both Georgian peasants. Although neither of them spoke Russian, Stalin was forced to learn it because it was the language of instruction at the Gori church school that he attended in 1888-94. He was the best pupil in the school and earned a full scholarship to the Tbilise Theological Seminary. He began attending the seminary in 1894, but in 1899 he quit the seminary to become a full-time revolutionary. While he studied the priesthood, Stalin read forbidden literature, including Karl Marx's 'Das Kapital', and soon converted to a new orthodoxy: Russian Marxism. In Stalin's early years he was continually in trouble with the local authorities. During this period he took on the nickname Korba, a famous Georgian outlaw. Korba escaped prison several times; at his last escape he fled to St. Petersberg, where he became a member of the editorial staff of the Pravda in 1912. Within a year, Stalin was arrested again and exiled to Siberia. He was released from exile by general amnesty after the February Revolution in 1917, and went back to the editorial staff of the Pravda in Petrograd. At age 34, he took on the name of Stalin, meaning "man of steel". Stalin converted this organizational base into a source of politica...

The Bible Among the Myths Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Bible Among the Myths - Research Paper Example There is only one God who is the creator of the universe is the Hebrew’s belief. In addition, they believed that God disclosed himself to people during their distinct encounters. Moreover, they presumed that God punishes and rewards mankind on the basis of obedience to his will in human conduct. Their faith came into question when the first Babylonian and Assyrian empires dominated the biggest part of Israel. The Israelites’ did not abandon their faith because they viewed the Babylonian and Assyrian conquest as a way of God’s punishment due to their unbelief. The Greeks differed from the Israelites because they believed that there is a connection between cause and effect. On the other hand, the Israelites were of the opinion that God plays a role in the events that happen physically. The author concludes by stating that science and logic are developed after individuals realize that the world is not God, and neither is God the world. He argues that logic and science cannot support themselves because they are not self-evident. God’s presence as a creator is experienced in the universe during the distinct occurrences in history of men that give the foundation for the idea of historical authority.1 In this chapter, the author seeks to find an appropriate meaning of the term myth. He is purposed to look for a correct answer if the Bible can refer to a myth or not. He asserts that the definition of the word myth can determine its application. John Oswalt says that it is crucial to comprehend why it is necessary to force the Bible into the group of myth in modern time. The author suggests that there are three definitions that can describe myth. To begin, the etymological definition of myth emphasize on the untruthfulness of the object being outlined. The meaning is on the basis of the word mythos that is interpreted in

Ethic of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethic of globalization - Essay Example The present-day developments demonstrate that a good number of business organizations now tend for the movement of globalization. Since worldwide struggle in business extends and the financial systems of the world grow to be more and more mutually dependent, this development is estimated to continue. Hospitality industry is a chiefly inconsistent element in this movement of globalization. The reason is that hospitality companies begin to explore fresh marketplaces on the universal horizon. Furthermore, numerous corporations are launching interior "codes of conduct", so that principled conduct for their organizations can be encouraged. This is the method by which such business enterprises now demonstrate to their employees (administrators and other workers) that exceptional moral performance is important for the business firm. With the above observation, it is noteworthy to bring forth the figures that exhibit the entertainment of business ethics by a great deal of schools and a numbe r of business firms. This tells us that business ethics is escalating in importance as a subject matter of learning and research. The kernel of the discussion thus unfolds: ethics on the international horizon is momentous to the world's upcoming course of events and to the hospitality business. Discussion Advancement in the direction of globalization now carries along a mutual reliance among business organizations and nations. Sequentially, mutual reliance is likely to frequently yield outcome in disagreements among international business organizations and the host countries; however, disagreements among countries alone cannot be sidelined. It is highly predictable that these disagreements will stand on a small number of issues of ethics only. The dictionary definition of the expression ethics informs us that is it an area where good and evil forces come into contact and carry ethical duty on their sides; moral values or practice. However, the dictionary semantic exploration of the phrase and the relevance of this definition are probably dissimilar from society to society. Ethics, for the moment, is not used in the universal discourse. Although there possibly exist a number of models which maybe alike, each nation's manipulation of the term bears the depiction and observance of it rather exclusive. It may not be a surprise to consider ethical business dealing in India as corruption in the U.S. At this very point, there is a stark need for canon of an international code of ethics: a global ethic-constitution which is recognized by the whole world and cultures in order that the worldwide business practices continue to flourish. The significance of a worldwide code of ethics is obvious for any hospitality firms which see thei r existence as global organizations. The higher degree of similarity prevails across societies, the more straightforward it would be for common citizens from diverse cultural backgrounds to put hands together for mutual production. Another view that this observation registers is the initiative that establishment of a homogeneous system of ethics will give birth to originality and innovation. This present point of discussion maintains that providing each person practices things in the same fashion, the

Business Aspects of the School Community Human Resources and School Essay - 2

Business Aspects of the School Community Human Resources and School Finance - Dis 10 - Essay Example Their view is based on the rationale of awarding bonuses on the basis of the achievement of their students (Brimley, Garfield & Verstegen, 2008). The idea of performance based payment package is an attribute with its own advantages and disadvantages. There is the benefit derived from the hard work that is attained on teachers in an effort to have an excellent output on students. The assumption is that as the students are involved in excellent gain academically, then teachers will benefit a lot through an increased pay. Merit pay is a performance based approach that forms the foundation of an excellent education system. The idea is a propagated agenda that calls for rewarding of teachers who helps in the attainment of a student improvement platform in their academic work. The policy of merit reward is in line with the system of work that is experience in the private sector. The possibility of testing the knowledge acquired by students is a critical benchmark in revealing the effectiveness of teachers. There are benefits associated with a standardized tests program that are extremely helpful to students (Brimley, Garfield & Verstegen, 2008). There exists the advantage of a better jobs being offered to the scholars. This is an attribute that emanates from strong academic pedigree that belongs to high quality scholars from the merit pay based system. These scholars are, therefore, critical enough in offering a powerful decision point in expert thinking and support system. The potential of Tennessee scholars extends to being awarded scholarship programs. This is on the basis of strong candidate potential that is a guarantee of top performers. Merit pay is an initiative that goes an extra mile in helping to recruit the best minds. Teachers who are intelligent and portray an effective approach to their profession are contained in the school administration through an increased pay. The merit pay approach

Miami school district negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Miami school district negotiation - Essay Example This also controls incidents of school boards misappropriating the funds by engaging in expensive or unnecessary projects. The redistricting of school boundaries also plays a vital role in limiting future bond packages and maximizes utilization of education facilities in the schools (Greene, 2000). As a result, poverty gaps manifested in the education system are eliminated as well as improving the overall quality of education. Conversely, rezoning of the school boundaries implies that a great deal of students change schools and teachers are transferred. This process is also resource intensive with huge portions of public funds going into it. As a result, there is need for dedication from all stakeholders. Therefore, before school boundaries are redrawn all the concerns and recommendations voiced by stakeholders should be considered. For instance, the quality of education is vital in today’s society. This is one of the fundamental principles that parents consider especially whe n shifting, building and buying their homes in particular school districts. This is because the quality of education that is subjected to children shapes their future as well as molds their personalities, talents and character. Poor quality of education from early stages in life i.e. intermediate and secondary level of education, will adversely affect the livelihood of students (Brantlinger, 2003). Therefore, in the event of redistricting school boundaries parents are usually concerned about teachers’ competence, implemented strategies of accessing and determining quality of education facilities and the standards of education in these schools where they are supposed to transfer their children to. Another factor that parents consider in the event of redistricting school boundaries is the increase in cost and time taken to travel to and from school. Most of the students who should be transferred have to either use the school bus or walk a further distance to get to their new sc hool. Such measures usually disorient students to the extent of adversely affecting their time management and study plans. Moreover, parents also consider that their children will have to be subjected to different environmental factors that may adversely affect their social life (Douglas, Crowson & Shipps, 2006). On the same note, parents fear that their children will have lose ties with friends from the former school which may also affect their social life subsequently affecting their grades. The students too constitute major stakeholders in the education system. The process of redrawing new school boundaries may affect the quality of education they are subjected to especially if the schools they are transferred to have lower quality standards. In addition, they may have to travel long distances, face rejection due to their racial, economic, cultural and religious differences and break friendship ties with their former friends. Conversely, their social life and self esteem may chan ge to be worse. On the other hand, teachers and the other staff will also be affected by the redistricting process because they will also be transferred to a new working environment which also means that there will be a couple of layoffs. Their concern is fitting in and adjusting to the new environment as well as their future and career

Please agree with him Mr. J. and write 3 pages cite sources. Cite Article

Please agree with him Mr. J. and write 3 pages cite sources. Cite sources.(Dhibba Shan) - Article Example Borrowed nursing theory is a theory which was originally designed to suite in another discipline, but later adapted also to fit in the nursing profession. However, it is worth understanding that the nursing perspective guides the reconceptualization of existing theories. Synthesis of the borrowed theory with the nursing perspective is essential; otherwise the focus of nursing will continue to remain within other disciplines. Consequently, nursing problems will either not be addressed at all or addressed haphazardly. Therefore, theories from other disciplines must be incorporated into both the nursing milieu and to the nursing image of a human being to be meaningful to nursing (McEwen and Evelyn, 2007). Nurses heavily borrow theories from physical, biological and behavioral science disciplines and adapt them to nursing situations. As a result, a nursing theory emerges though tracing its origin on the original discipline. A theory that is applicable in two or more different disciplines is referred to as shared theory. Examples of borrowed theories include the Von Bartlaffny’s general systems theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs. In a case scenario, nurses can apply the Maslow’s theory to predict the needs that patients have not expressed clearly so that appropriate actions can be undertaken (Fawcett, 2005). For example, when a patient is admitted in the hospital, it is the duty of the nurses to organize a familiarization program for the patient, which helps them relieve anxiety and feel comfortable in the hospital environment. Existence of borrowed theories certainly implies that unique theories also exist. These are theories which were specifically designed to guide nurses’ decisions, goals and actions that relate to their profession. While formulating these theories, the theorists base their opinions and assertions on experiences and researches that directly relate to

Miami school district negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Miami school district negotiation - Essay Example This also controls incidents of school boards misappropriating the funds by engaging in expensive or unnecessary projects. The redistricting of school boundaries also plays a vital role in limiting future bond packages and maximizes utilization of education facilities in the schools (Greene, 2000). As a result, poverty gaps manifested in the education system are eliminated as well as improving the overall quality of education. Conversely, rezoning of the school boundaries implies that a great deal of students change schools and teachers are transferred. This process is also resource intensive with huge portions of public funds going into it. As a result, there is need for dedication from all stakeholders. Therefore, before school boundaries are redrawn all the concerns and recommendations voiced by stakeholders should be considered. For instance, the quality of education is vital in today’s society. This is one of the fundamental principles that parents consider especially whe n shifting, building and buying their homes in particular school districts. This is because the quality of education that is subjected to children shapes their future as well as molds their personalities, talents and character. Poor quality of education from early stages in life i.e. intermediate and secondary level of education, will adversely affect the livelihood of students (Brantlinger, 2003). Therefore, in the event of redistricting school boundaries parents are usually concerned about teachers’ competence, implemented strategies of accessing and determining quality of education facilities and the standards of education in these schools where they are supposed to transfer their children to. Another factor that parents consider in the event of redistricting school boundaries is the increase in cost and time taken to travel to and from school. Most of the students who should be transferred have to either use the school bus or walk a further distance to get to their new sc hool. Such measures usually disorient students to the extent of adversely affecting their time management and study plans. Moreover, parents also consider that their children will have to be subjected to different environmental factors that may adversely affect their social life (Douglas, Crowson & Shipps, 2006). On the same note, parents fear that their children will have lose ties with friends from the former school which may also affect their social life subsequently affecting their grades. The students too constitute major stakeholders in the education system. The process of redrawing new school boundaries may affect the quality of education they are subjected to especially if the schools they are transferred to have lower quality standards. In addition, they may have to travel long distances, face rejection due to their racial, economic, cultural and religious differences and break friendship ties with their former friends. Conversely, their social life and self esteem may chan ge to be worse. On the other hand, teachers and the other staff will also be affected by the redistricting process because they will also be transferred to a new working environment which also means that there will be a couple of layoffs. Their concern is fitting in and adjusting to the new environment as well as their future and career

How is the HRM function of multinational companies organised and what Essay

How is the HRM function of multinational companies organised and what are the specific issues of imternational HRM for multinati - Essay Example The MNCs play a significant role in the process of international trade as they play the main vehicle by which the maximum amount of goods and services penetrate around the world and they are â€Å"the principal agents of internationalization of the world† (Ferner, 1994). The study of the Human Resource Management in the context of the multinational corporations needs no justification as according to United States 73 million people were employed by the MNCs in the year 1994 which represents almost 20% of the employment in the industrial sector worldwide. Moreover almost 40% of the working population depends indirectly on the MNCs for employment. As these companies employ people of different countries with different cultural economical and social backgrounds, the strategies, policies and practices concerning with the Human Resource Management of these companies are perhaps the most complicated among all managerial works. The larger the company will be in terms of the exposure an d geographical reach the more will be the number of the employees of the company and hence more complicated will be its management .An effective human resource management is very necessary in order to gain competitive advantages in the market as the MNCs compete to capture the market share of countries. (Tayeb, 2005, pp. 4-5; Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2005) Organization Human Resource Management System in a MNC Human resource management involves achieving goals of the company through management of the employees of the company and is essentially the invention of the Americans. HRM system is based on the assumption that all personnel activities of the employees are integrated not only with each other but also strategically with the objectives of the organization as a whole and it is the function of the HRM to utilize this asset to the best use of the organization. HRM designs the management system to ensure human talent is effectively and efficiently used in order to meet th e goal of the organization. This system of management emerge because of the requirements of the companies and the labor market conditions prevailing in the country. The system of management gain importance mainly in the ‘non unionized companies’ of the country. With the success of the management in the country it becomes increasingly famous in other developed countries mainly the European nations as they adopt the system with changeable scales of success. (Tempel, 2001, pp.113-114) With the growth of a multinational company the workforce of the organization changes and hence the law and the needs of the company also changes. So the activities of the HRM need continuous change. HRM considers how the human resource contributes to the overall strategies of the companies and hence are implemented in regard to the overall strategy consideration of the company. Porter in 1985 divides the functioning of companies into two parts. First comes the primary activity which involves inbound and outbound logistics, marketing and sales activities and operations. The second part is the supportive activities of a company which includes infrastructure and technological development, procurement and HRM. This is because HRM along with the other supportive activities ensures the effectiveness and efficiency of the former activities. A fundamental question that often arises is whether a better HRM strategy creates more market value or the financially successful companies

King’s attitude towards slavery Essay Example for Free

King’s attitude towards slavery Essay Reconciliation struck King as divinely just, and he recommended the same practice for the United States. He suggested that this was the only moral and practical way to bring the Negro’s stand-ups to a realistic level. Reconciliation in the form of compensation was such a good idea in King’s mind because the practice would support the freedom of the human personality and lead to a just society. He also believed that it would make freedom real and substantial for the black people. He never believed that the mere absence of desegregated public accommodations would fully free the human personality and establish a just society. Although many whites were against him, he began to emphasize his belief that real and substantial freedom as well as the mandates of the just society, require not desegregated public facilities but also the economic goods that would allow blacks to use such facilities. King equated freeing the blacks and leaving them just like that to giving a pair of shoes to a man who has not learned to walk. His point was that freedom from desegregation requires the material goods to enjoy freedom from integration. King’s own response to the Johnson administration was to post for state atonement for the Disadvantaged. In King’s view, just as the state properly compensated World War II veterans for the time they spent away from their home, jobs, so too should it compensate blacks for their years of enslavement. He argued that only a few people considered the fact that in addition to being enslaved for two centuries, the Negro was during all those years, robbed of wages of his toil. He believed that no amount of gold could provide adequate compensation for the psychological turmoil caused by slavery, but that a price could be placed upon unpaid wages. King’s extra marital affairs It is clear that King did a lot of good deeds, most of which were based on pure ethical standards. However, there are some ethical challenges that were hard for him, and the most common is the sexual relationships with many women. Two years after King married his wife Coretta, he began his work in the civil rights movement. He left his young wife and baby to pursue endeavors that would take him far from home, putting aside his wife, and while he was home, he spent a lot of time on the phone. His friends who were worried of what these extramarital affairs would do to his reputation cautioned him about the importance of avoiding the appearance of wrongdoing. They also cautioned him that due to his prominence, he would become the target of those seeking to discredit him. He was also warmed that women could become his downfall if he failed to resist this temptation. King failed to take these warnings. By the time he won the Nobel Peace Price of 1964, his relations with women outside his marriage were far from secret. Wiley Branton, a close associate of King approached him about the subject when he was unable to ignore the rumors. He told king that colleagues had expressed concern over his behavior and were worried that he was going to get hurt, but King was unresponsive. The topic again came up with another friend, and this time King responded that because he was away from home the majority of each month, sex served as a way to reduce his anxiety. King’s attitude towards money While king had a hard time resisting sexual temptation, the temptation to profit from his fame was by no means a temptation for him. He had never bee influenced by the prospect of making money. In fact, while in college he had developed an opposition to his father’s concern with money. His lack of desire for material possessions increased after he visited India. Even his wife sensed a change in him. She said that this growing selflessness had led to his increasingly dismissive attitude toward his clothing and appearance, which up until then he had taken pride in. Since his college years at the Morehouse, King had enjoyed nice clothing. His selflessness also affected the financial status of SCLC. When he won the Nobel Peace Prize, he donated the price money to the group, despite the objection of his wife. She wanted to put some of the money aside for college for their children, but King insisted that the money go in full to the SCLC. Later, when two board members suggested that he accept a salary from the organization, King declined the offer. He explained that his income from Ebenezer Baptist church and the sum that he kept from speaking and writing was enough to support his family. Conclusion Due to King’s legacy as a man of good man, his shadow persisted even after his assassination. The poor people’s campaign initially was identified with the martyred prophet, not with his successor. The goals King established, especially for the campaign of equality among the whites and the blacks were probably unreachable, but King-the-symbol remained untarnished by failure. In addition to the charisma of his leadership, King had clear strategies for achieving goals. He believed that besides the use of legal tactics, the federal government was a necessary ally. King believed that because of man’s sinfulness, a restraining force was needed. According to him, it was the government that could counteract collective evil. His ultimate goal in many of his campaigns was to force the federal government to act. Time after time, his strategy worked. From the term paper, it is clear that his leadership was two fold. He was able to mobilize blacks, while at the same time appealing to the consciousness of the whites. King’s influence was as a result of several factors. To African Americans, his background was rooted in the black community, he was a Baptist preacher, and his academic training combined with religious faith provided the leadership skills he needed. To white Americans, he was an African American with the extraordinary ability to convince them of the evil of segregation. His words carried a powerful punch that, while what he was saying about segregation was not new, he stirred a moral awakening. Cementing his position was his leadership through nonviolent resistance, which appealed to decency and the commonality of humanity that, until then, had been ignored. Reference 1) Long M. G. (2002). Against us, but for us: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the state. California; Mercer University Press

Sustainable Architecture And Passive Housing Construction Essay

Sustainable Architecture And Passive Housing Construction Essay In the daily life, a lot of people past by some of these words: sustainable architecture or green buildings; however, they dont the meaning of it. For that reason, Ive decided to write about passive housing, which is a type of sustainable architecture. But before starting discussing the topic, a brief introduction to sustainable architecture will be given. There are a lot of definitions for sustainable architecture; nevertheless, there are two definitions that simple and exact idea about it. The first one is Environmentally-friendly houses and commercial buildings that are designed and built using sustainable building technologies, sustainable building materials, and sustainable energy systems, that dont burden future generations with environmental and financial debts. (Sustainable Architecture) And other defection was defined by architect Robert Berkebile, Sustainable Architecture is a design that improves the quality of life today, without diminishing it for the next generation. (Sustainable Architecture) In short, sustainable architecture is a way of building house and commercial buildings to save the environment for the future. Sustainable architecture isnt a new technology. It started developing in Europe since almost 500 years ago. It started by simple idea, which indicates how houses can be cool in summer and warm in winter by using minimum energy. Now days, they have more complicated ideas such as: producing their own electricity and recycling waste. That is because of the new technological advances, human has been developing over the years. There are three types of sustainable architecture mostly common and they are: zero energy buildings, passive housing and law energy housing. Is sustainable architecture that important to be developing for all of these years? In fact, its an important factor of saving the environment from depletion. According to the National American Homebuilders Association, a typical, (non-sustainable) stick-built or wood-frame home was 2,085 square feet and required  more than one acre of trees/forest; moreover, the waste created during the construction of this typical home averages between 3 tons to 7 tons, for every new house built. It only saves construction materials, but also reduces the consumption of energy and water. Passive house have one main principle which is reduce the energy lost in the house. But how can it be done. Its done by isolating the building and using the energy of people and the households. Passive house is very energy efficient because it use only 10% of energy that regular house use. This amount of energy is used for heating, hot water, and household electricity. In May 1988, Professors Bo Adamson of Lund University, Sweden, and Dr. Wolfgang Feist of the Institut fà ¼r Wohnen und Umwelt (Institute for Housing and the Environment) had a conversation about the Passive House standard originated. As result of the conversation, they developed the concept of passive housing by doing many research projects which have been supported financially by the German state of Hesse. The first passive house buildings were built in 1990 in Darmstadt, Germany. The Passivhaus Institut (the passive house institute) was established in September 1996. The concept of passive housing became more commercialized and following the  European Union  sponsored  CEPHEUS  project in winter of 2000-2001. Moreover, in 2003 the first passive house was built in North America, Urbana, Illinois. Since the institute was founded, 15,000 passive houses were built worldwide. Most of these houses were built in Germany andAustria. Figure Time Line of the History of Passive Housing The Design of Passive Housing There are mainly two key elements from designing a passive house, which are the orientation of the building and the construction material. The Orientation of the Building: The first feature that should be considered before building a passive house is the orientation of the house that is because it is the key of the utmost energy production. Since the solar energy is the most reliable energy for the house, the house should be directed to the sun. On the other hand, the wind also should be considered because it can cool the house during winter. For these reasons, the house is directed to the east-west axis and most of the windows are ought to be on the south wall of the house. In this way, the house will get maximum of sunlight and minimum of wind entering the house. Although, these conditions work perfectly in winter, there is other condition should be thought of in summer which is shading. Shading is important because it reduces the sunlight getting into the house. This is the main technique that passive house uses to heat and cool itself. The Construction Material: Figure How passive house works? As any ordinary house, passive house has the same basic building material, but it is only enhanced to maximize the energy gained and minimize the lost. Concrete, bricks and stone are the basic material for building a passive house because they can absorb the energy from the sun fully and gradually. As result of the long period of energy absorbing, a phenomenon which is called lag happens. Lag is the warm sunlight which was absorbed during the day then released slowly during the night. There three types of windows glass and they are: one pane, two pane and three pane windows. One pane and two pane windows are commonly used in normal houses; however, three pane windows are used in passive house. Moreover, they are made from three glass panes which are split by air or Argon gas. This makes the window more insulated that prevents cold air getting in and decreasing the heat getting out. Because of the house is insulated, Mechanical Ventilation is used in the house to proved fresh air and heat. It gets fresh air from and takes out the polluted air from the house while it heat the fresh air by absorbing the heat from the polluted air. Also, all passive houses have solar panels that convert the sun light to electricity that serves the house. Moreover, some of the houses have wind tribunes which also provide it with electricity. The wind tribunes are installed only if the area where the house is built has sufficient amount of wind. There are many advantages of building house passively. The cost of electricity is very low which is about 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ a year. Also, it is eco-friendly because it uses less electricity and that lead to less consumption of petroleum product, nature gas, coal and wood. These products release a lot Carbon Dioxide (CO2) that pollute the air which leads to global warming. In addition, it improved the sustainability of the house. Furthermore, it helps people who have allergies by reducing their symptoms. It is reduced because the air ventilation system cleans the air from dust are pollution. However, there is one disadvantage of passive housing that is air tightness, so without an efficient air ventilation system that keep the air clean and preserve an excellent humidity percentage in the house. Conclusion To summarize, sustainable architecture is the way of building without harming the environment. There are many ways of sustainable architecture, and one of them is passive housing. It has one key principle which is minimizing the energy lost from the house. Passive housing is new trend which started in 1988. The standards of passive housing are set by Professors Bo Adamson and Dr. Wolfgang Feist. The standards of passive housing have two main ideas which are the orientation of the building and the construction material. The cost of passive housing is higher than a normal house by 5-15%. Eco friendly and cost efficiency are advantages of passive housing, but air tightness is a disadvantage.

Dostoevsky and Freud: Exploring the Relationship Between Psyche and Civ

Dostoevsky and Freud: Exploring the Relationship Between Psyche and Civilization Few novels delve as deeply into the twists and turns of the human psyche as Fyodor Dostoevsky?s Crime and Punishment. The novel explicitly describes the protagonist Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov?s fluctuating mental state as he commits a brutal crime, becomes tortured by guilt, and finally turns himself in. This detailed description of Raskolnikov?s psyche gives readers a clear picture of his character within the context of the events that take place in the novel. Yet we know little of Raskolnikov outside of this context. How, for instance, does Raskolnikov come to develop those beliefs and characteristics that impel him to commit his crime? We know only that he embodies these beliefs and characteristics from the outset of the novel. In order to fully comprehend the whys and hows of Raskolnikov as a character, then, we must examine him outside the framework of this novel. But how, we might ask, are we to move beyond the narrative context in which Raskolnikov exists? The answer is simple: we must place Raskolnikov within a different context and analyze him in light of this new context. How do we know which context to choose? It depends on what we hope to discover by such an analysis. In this case, we want to expand our knowledge of Raskolnikov?s characteristics and psyche. From Dostoevsky?s explicit narration, we already know Raskolnikov is a neurotic character who exhibits a number of neurotic tendencies throughout the novel. We must therefore locate a context that will help us discover the meaning behind these neurotic tendencies. The logical backdrop to choose is a Freudian context, since Freud deals extensively with human psychology and ne... ...tween civilization and the human psyche?connections which are impossible to completely sever. The presence of these connections make it impossible for us to try to oppose the structure of civilization without ending up in the same plight as Raskolnikov. Thus, both Freud and Dostoevsky seem to suggest that it is necessary for us to adapt ourselves as best we can to the pre-existing constructs of civilization and learn to accept its less pleasant aspects. Works Cited Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1994. Freud, Sigmund. "Civilizations and Its Discontents." The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989. Freud, Sigmund. "Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-analytic Work." Writings On Art and Literature. Ed. James Strachey. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.

Genetic Engineering: Genetic Research and Gene Therapy :: Persuasive Argumentative Essay Examples

Genetic Research and Gene Therapy The human genome is the key to gene therapy, genetic diagnosis, and even to genetically engineer human beings. The human genome is a map of the entire DNA sequence, a blue book, of the individual, which is currently being mapped by the Human Genome Project. Knowing where and which gene controls what trait and causes what genetic disease will armed doctors with a powerful tool to treat their patients in the molecular level. On the other hand, people can jump at the opportunity to manipulate genes to create the perfect baby or enhance a specific trait. One of the few ways of achieving these goals is through research on human embryos. Genetic research on human embryo has two implications. One in therapeutic research (to detect, and hopefully correct gene flaws), which is more practical, and the other is parents deciding how their child should look (or an extreme word, eugenic). The latter, which in the present is wishful thinking but will be a reality in the future if the technology becomes feasible. This paper will mainly discuss the therapeutic research (the medical practice and technological aspect of genetic engineering on embryos) to show what can be done medically and its implications. The consequences, moral and ethical issue of genetic research on human embryos will not be discuss in length here, for it is a topic in other groups and within my group. Currently in therapeutic research, one of the things that can be done is a process call Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). PGD is a new medical treatment that incorporates the technology of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the ability to genetically removed a single cell from an 8-cell embryo to detect any genetic abnormalities (Forbidden Knowledge). In this way, "couples at high genetic risk [will have the] opportunity to start their pregnancy knowing that their baby will not have a lethal inherited disease" rather than stress by deciding whether or not to undergo a prenatal test such as amniocentesis, which requires the pregnancy be at least 15 weeks (Forbidden Knowledge). Some of the major genetic diseases that can be detected are Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, some form of cancers (Carmosino), aneuploidy chromosomes for chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, and Y (Jones), and sickle-cell anemia (Henig, 58). Gene therapy, which is in is early stages will greatly benefit from embryo research.

Modern motivation theory and Buddhist teaching for Motivation Essay

One of the most important functions of management is to create willingness amongst the employees to perform to the best of their abilities. Therefore the role of a leader is to arouse interest in performance of employees in their jobs. The process of motivation consists of three stages:1. A felt need or drive 2. A stimulus in which nodes have to be aroused 3. When needs are satisfied, the satisfaction or accomplishment of goals. Therefore, we can say that motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means needs and wants of the individuals have to be tackled by framing an incentive plan. Motivation Theories According to subject of Management have some kind of motivation theories. These theories were introduced by most of scholars in the world. However when considers about history can motivation theories categorize as ï‚ · Classical Motivation Theories ï‚ · Modern Motivation Theories Under the classic motivation theories can introduce following three theories. Classical Motivation Theories 1. The Hierarchy Of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow is well renowned for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs Theory in 1943. This theory is a classical depiction of human motivation. This theory is based on the assumption that there is a hierarchy of five needs within each individual. The urgency of these needs varies. 1. Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic amenities of life. 2. Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc. 3. Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongings, and friendship. 4. Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of two types: internal esteem needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration). 5. Self-actualization need- This includes the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and selfcontentment. It also includes a desire for gaining more knowledge, social- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully suitable. As an individual grows psychologically, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing. According to Maslow, individuals are motivated by unsatisfied needs. As each of these needs is significantly satisfied, it drives and forces the next need to emerge.. 2. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation In 1959, Frederick Herzberg, a behavioral scientist proposed a two-factor theory or the motivator-hygiene theory. According to Herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. Herzberg, the opposite of â€Å"Satisfaction† is â€Å"No satisfaction† and the opposite of â€Å"Dissatisfaction† is â€Å"No Dissatisfaction†. Herzbergss view of satisfaction and dissatisfaction Herzberg classified these job factors into two categories Hygiene factors- Hygiene factors are those job factors which are essential for existence of motivation at the workplace. These do not lead to positive satisfaction for the long-term. But if these factors are absent / if these factors are non-existent at the workplace, then they lead to dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors include: 1. Pay – The pay or salary structure should be appropriate and reasonable. It must be equal and competitive with those in the same industry in the same domain. 2. Company Policies and administrative policies – The company policies should not be too rigid. They should be fair and clear. It should include flexible working hours, dress code, breaks, vacation, etc. 3. Fringe benefits – The employees should be offered health care plans (mediclaim), benefits for the family members, employee help programs, etc. 4. Physical Working conditions – The working conditions should be safe, clean and hygienic. The work equipments should be updated and well-maintained. 5. Status – The employees’ status within the organization should be familiar and retained. 6. Interpersonal relations – The relationship of the employees with his peers, superiors and subordinates should be appropriate and acceptable. There should be no conflict or humiliation element present. 7. Job Security – The organization must provide job security to the employees. Motivational factors- According to Herzberg, the hygiene factors cannot be regarded as motivators. The motivational factors yield positive satisfaction. These factors are inherent to work. These factors motivate the employees for a superior performance. These factors are called satisfiers. These are factors involved in performing the job. Employees find these factors intrinsically rewarding. The motivators symbolized the psychological needs that were perceived as an additional benefit. Motivating factors include: ï‚ · Recognition – The employees should be praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the managers. ï‚ · Sense of achievement – The employees must have a sense of achievement. This depends on the job. There must be a fruit of some sort in the job. ï‚ · Growth and promotional opportunities – There must be growth and advancement opportunities in an organization to motivate the employees to perform well. ï‚ · Responsibility – The employees must hold themselves responsible for the work. The managers should give them ownership of the work. They should minimize control but retain accountability. ï‚ · The meaningfulness of the work – The work itself should be meaningful, interesting and challenging for the employee to perform and to get motivated. 3. Theory X and Theory Y In 1960, Douglas McGregor formulated Theory X and Theory Y suggests two aspects of human behavior at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals (employees): one of which is negative, called as Theory X and the other is positive, so called as Theory Y. According to McGregor, the perception of managers of the nature of individuals is based on various assumptions. Assumptions of Theory X ï‚ · An average employee intrinsically does not like work and tries to escape it whenever possible. ï‚ · Since the employee does not want to work, he must be persuaded, compelled, or warned with a punishment so as to achieve organizational goals. A close supervision is required on the part of managers. The managers adopt a more dictatorial style. ï‚ · Many employees rank job security on top, and they have little or no aspiration/ ambition. ï‚ · Employees generally dislike responsibilities. ï‚ · Employees resist change. ï‚ · An average employee needs formal direction. Assumptions of Theory Y ï‚ · Employees can perceive their job as relaxing and normal. They exercise their physical and mental efforts in an inherent manner in their jobs. ï‚ · Employees may not require only threat, external control and coercion to work, but they can use self-direction and self-control if they are dedicated and sincere to achieve the organizational objectives. ï‚ · If the job is rewarding and satisfying, then it will result in employees’ loyalty and commitment to the organization. ï‚ · An average employee can learn to admit and recognize the responsibility. In fact, he can even learn to obtain responsibility. ï‚ · The employees have skills and capabilities. Their logical capabilities should be fully utilized. In other words, the creativity, resourcefulness and innovative potentiality of the employees can be utilized to solve organizational problems. Thus, we can say that Theory X presents a pessimistic view of employees’ nature and behavior at work, while Theory Y presents an optimistic view of the employees’ nature and behavior at work. Modern Motivation Theories Under the modern motivation theories can illustrate following six theories. 1. ERG Theory To bring Maslow’s need hierarchy theory of motivation in synchronization with empirical research, Clayton Alderfer redefined it in his own terms. His rework is called as the ERG theory of motivation. He recategorized Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into three simpler and broader classes of nodes: ï‚ · Existence needs- These include the need for basic material necessities. In short, it includes an individual’s physiological and physical safety needs. ï‚ · Relatedness needs- These include the aspiration individual’s have for maintaining significant interpersonal relationships (be it with family, peers or superiors), getting public fame and recognition. Maslow’s social needs and external component of esteem needs fall under this class of need. ï‚ · Growth needs- These include need for self-development and personal growth and advancement. Maslow’s self-actualization needs and intrinsic component of esteem needs fall under this category of need. Managers must understand that an employee has various needs that must be satisfied at the same time. According to the ERG theory, if the manager concentrates solely on one need at a time, this will not effectively motivate the employee. Also, the frustration- regression aspect of ERG Theory has an added effect on workplace motivation. For instance- if an employee is not provided with growth and advancement opportunities in an organization, he might revert to the relatedness need such as socializing needs and to meet those socializing needs, if the environment or circumstances do not permit, he might revert to the need for money to fulfill those socializing needs. The sooner the manager realizes and discovers this, the most immediate steps they will take to fulfill those needs which are frustrated until such time that the employee can again pursue growth. 2. McClelland’s Theory of Needs David McClelland and his associates proposed McClelland’s theory of Needs / Achievement Motivation Theory. This theory states that human behavior is affected by three needs – Need for Power, Achievement and Affiliation. Need for achievement is the urge to excel, to accomplish in relation to a set of standards, to struggle to achieve success. Need for power is the desire to influence other individual’s behavior as per your wish. In other words, it is the desire to have control over others and to be influential. Need for affiliation is a need for open and sociable interpersonal relationships. In other words, it is a desire for a relationship based on co-operation and mutual understanding. The individuals with high achievement needs are highly motivated by competing and challenging work. They look for promotional opportunities in the job. They have a strong urge for feedback on their achievement. Such individuals try to get satisfaction in performing things better. High achievement is directly related to high performance. Individuals who are better and above average performers are highly motivated. They assume responsibility for solving the problems at work. McClelland called such individuals as gamblers as they set challenging targets for themselves and they take the deliberate risk to achieve those set targets. Such individuals look for innovative ways of performing the job. They perceive achievement of goals as a reward, and value it more than a financial reward. The individuals who are motivated by power have a strong urge to be influential and controlling. They want that their views and ideas should dominate and thus, they want to lead. Such individuals are motivated by the need for reputation and self-esteem. Individuals with greater power and authority will perform better than those possessing less power. Generally, managers with high need for power turn out to be more efficient and successful managers. They are more determined and loyal to the organization they work for. Need for power should not always be taken negatively. It can be viewed as the need to have a positive effect on the organization and to support the organization in achieving its goals. The individuals who are motivated by affiliation have an urge for a friendly and supportive environment. Such individuals are effective performers in a team. These people want to be liked by others. The manager’s ability to make decisions is hampered if they have a high affiliation need as they prefer to be accepted and liked by others, and this weakens their objectivity. Individuals having high affiliation needs prefer working in an environment providing greater personal interaction. Such people have a need to be on the good books of all. They generally cannot be good leaders. 3. Goal Setting Theory In 1960’s, Edwin Locke put forward the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. It states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance. In simple words, goals indicate and give direction to an employee about what needs to be done and how much efforts are required to be put in. The important features of goal-setting theory are as follows: ï‚ · The willingness to work towards attainment of goals is the main source of job motivation. Clear, particular and difficult goals are greater motivating factors than easy, general and vague goals. ï‚ · Specific and clear goals lead to greater output and better performance. Unambiguous, measurable and clear goals accompanied by a deadline for completion avoids misunderstanding. ï‚ · Goals should be realistic and challenging. This gives an individual a feeling of pride and triumph when he attains them, and sets him up for attainment of the next goal. The more challenging the goal, the greater is the reward generally and the more is the passion for achieving it. ï‚ · Better and appropriate feedback of results directs the employee behavior and contributes to higher performance than the absence of feedback. Feedback is a means of gaining reputation, making clarifications and regulating goal difficulties. It helps employees to work with more involvement and leads to greater job satisfaction. ï‚ · The employee’s participation in goal is not always desirable. ï‚ · Participation of setting goal, however, makes the goal more acceptable and leads to more involvement. ï‚ · Goal setting theory has certain eventualities such as: Self-efficiency- Self-efficiency is the individual’s self-confidence and faith that he has potential of performing the task. The higher the level of self-efficiency, greater will be the efforts put in by the individual when they face challenging tasks. While, lower the level of self-efficiency, less will be the efforts put in by the individual or he might even quit while meeting challenges. Goal commitment- Goal setting theory assumes that the individual is committed to the goal and will not leave the goal. The goal commitment is dependent on the following factors: 1. Goals are made openly, known and broadcasted. 2. Goals should be set-self by individual rather than designated. 3. Individual’s set goals should be consistent with the organizational goals and vision. 4. Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF Skinner and his associates. It states that an individual’s behavior is a function of its consequences. It is based on â€Å"law of effect†, i.e, individual’s behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but individual’s behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. Reinforcement theory of motivation overlooks the internal state of individuality, i.e., the inner feelings and drives of individuals are ignored by Skinner. This theory focuses totally on what happens to an individual when he takes some action. Thus, according to Skinner, the external environment of the organization must be designed effectively and positively so as to motivate the employee. This theory is a strong tool for analyzing controlling mechanism for individual’s behavior. However, it does not focus on the causes of individual’s behavior. The managers use the following methods for controlling the behavior of the employees: ï‚ · Positive Reinforcement- This implies giving a positive response when an individual shows the positive and required behavior. For example – Immediately praising an employee for coming early for the job. This will increase the probability of outstanding behavior occurring again. The reward is a positive reinforce, but not necessarily. If and only if the employees’ behavior improves, the reward can said to be a positive reinforcer. Positive reinforcement stimulates occurrence of a behavior. It must be noted that more spontaneous is the giving of reward, the greater reinforcement value it has. ï‚ · Negative Reinforcement- This implies rewarding an employee by removing negative / undesirable consequences. Both positive and negative reinforcement can be used for increasing desirable / required behavior. ï‚ · Punishment- It implies removing positive consequences so as to lower the probability of repeating the undesirable behavior in future. In other words, punishment means applying undesirable consequence for showing undesirable behaviors. For instance – Suspending an employee for breaking the organizational rules. Punishment can be equalized by positive reinforcement from an alternative source. ï‚ · Extinction- It implies absence of reinforcements. In other words, extinction implies lowering the probability of undesired behavior by removing the reward for that kind of behavior. For instance – if an employee no longer receives praise and admiration for his good work, he may feel that his behavior is generating no fruitful consequence. Extinction may unintentionally lower desirable behavior. 5. Equity Theory of Motivation The core of the equity theory is the principle of balance or equity. As per this motivation theory, an individual’s motivation level is correlated with his perception of equity, fairness and justice practiced by the management. Higher is an individual’s perception of fairness, greater is the motivation level and vice versa. While evaluating fairness, employee compares the job input (in terms of contribution) to outcome (in terms of compensation) and also compares the same with that of other peer of equal cadre/category. D/I ratio (output-input ratio) is used to make such a comparison. An employee might compare himself with his peer within the present job in the current organization or with his friend/peer working in some other organization or with the past jobs held by him with others. An employee’s choice of the referent will be influenced by the appeal of the referent and the employee’s knowledge about the referent. Moderating Variables: The gender, salary, education and the experience level are moderating variables. Individuals with greater and higher education are more informed. Thus, they are likely to compare themselves with the outsiders. Males and females prefer same sex comparison. It has been observed that females are paid typically less than males in comparable jobs and have less salary expectations than males for the same work. Thus, a woman employee that uses another women employee as a referent tends to lead to a lower comparative standard. Employees with greater experience know their organization very well and compare themselves with their own colleagues, while employees with less experience rely on their personal experiences and knowledge for making comparisons. Choices: The employees who perceive inequity and are under negative tension can make the following choices: ï‚ · Change in input (e.g. Don’t overexert) ï‚ · Change their outcome (Produce quantity output and increasing earning by sacrificing quality when piece rate incentive system exist) ï‚ · Choose a different referent ï‚ · Quit the job ï‚ · Change self perception (For instance – I know that I’ve performed better and harder than everyone else.) ï‚ · Change perception of others (For instance – Jack’s job is not as desirable as I earlier thought it was.) 6. Expectancy Theory of Motivation The expectancy theory was proposed by Victor Vroom of Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom stresses and focuses on outcomes, and not on needs unlike Maslow and Herzberg. The theory states that the intensity of a tendency to perform in a particular manner is dependent on the intensity of an expectation that the performance will be followed by a definite outcome and on the appeal of the outcome to the individual. The Expectancy theory states that employee motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and the belief that the performance will lead to reward (Instrumentality). In short, Valence is the significance associated with an individual about the expected outcome. It is an expected and not the actual satisfaction that an employee expects to receive after achieving the goals. Expectancy is the faith that best efforts will result in better performance. Expectancy is influenced by factors such as possession of appropriate skills for performing the job, availability of right resources, availability of crucial information and getting the required support for completing the job. Instrumentality is the faith that if you perform well, then a valid outcome will be there. Instrumentality is affected by factors such as believe in the people who decide who receives what outcome, the simplicity of the process deciding who gets what outcome, and clarity of the relationship between performance and outcomes. Thus, the expectancy theory concentrates on the following three relationships: ï‚ · Effort-performance relationship: What is the likelihood that the individual’s effort to be recognized in his performance appraisal? ï‚ · Performance-reward relationship: It talks about the extent to which the employee believes that getting a good performance appraisal leads to organizational rewards. ï‚ · Rewards-personal goals relationship: It is all about the attractiveness or appeal of the potential reward to the individual. Vroom was of view that employees consciously decide whether to perform or not on the job. This decision solely depended on the employee’s motivation level which in turn depends on three factors of expectancy, valence and instrumentality. Buddhist Teaching For Motivation â€Å" ïÆ' £hi passikï‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬  = â€Å"come and see† When consider about Buddhist teachings can identify good management systems focusing on various subject. According to the Buddhist teaching for motivation can not be categorized or can not be compared with modern or classic motivation theories. However as a teacher Buddha mentioned about his damma as â€Å" ïÆ' £hi passikï‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ . That mean â€Å"come and see†. According to that Buddha mentioned mainly self motivation. In most of the occasions the Buddha explains about self motivation is only way to get rid of that Samsara. As a result of that the teaching of Buddha mostly depends on self motivation. When examining about Tipitaka, gives lots of Damma preached about motivation. In the Kalama Sutta mentioned about self motivation as follows Kalamas, as you yourselves say, do not follow the leader, do not go by the examination of reasons, do not stick to wrong views, don’t go by this has to be so, don’t go by the words of your teacher, the recluse. Kalamas, you, yourselves should know: these thoughts are demerit, these thoughts are faulty, these thoughts are blamed by the wise, these thoughts undertaken and accomplished are not for welfare, they conduce to unpleasantness: Kalamas, then you should dispel them. If it was said, it was said on account of this. Come Kalamas, do not go on filling your mind persistently with what you hear, do not go by tradition, do not guess, do not go on the grounds of authority, do not turn to logical thinking, do not follow the leader, do not go by the examination of reasons, do not stick to wrong views, don’t go by this has to be so, don’t go by the words of your teacher, the recluse. Kalamas, you, yourselves should know: these thoughts are meritorious, these thoughts are not faulty, these thoughts are not blamed by the wise, these thoughts undertaken and accomplished are for welfare, they conduce to please: Kalamas, then you should grow them. (Anguttara Nikaya. Thika niapata. 3.2.2.5) In MahÄ gopÄ laka sutta mentioned these eleven factors, it is possible that the bhikkhu could come to growth and increase in this Teaching and Dispensation Bhikkhus, 1. How does the bhikkhu know matter. The bhikkhu knows as it really is, that all matter, is a matter of the four great elements and the matter that is held as mine. Thus, the bhikkhu knows matter. 1. How is the bhikkhu clever in marks? The bhikkhu knows as it really is, the fool by his actions, and the wise one of his actions. Thus the bhikkhu is clever in marks. 3. How does the bhikkhu dispel nits. Here the bhikkhu does not endure sensual thoughts chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure angry thoughts, chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure hurting thoughts, chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure arisen demerit chases it out, and makes it not rise again. Thus the bhikkhu dispels nits. 4. How does the bhikkhu dress the wounds? Seeing a form with the eye does not take the sign and details. To one abiding uncontrolled in the faculty of the eye, evil demerit of covetousness and displeasure may trickle down, to its control he feels, protects the faculty of the eye. Hearing a sound with the ear-Cognizing a smell with the nose-Coignizing a taste with the tongue, -Cognizing a touch with the body, Cognizing an idea with the mind, does not take the sign or the details. To one abiding uncontrolled in the faculty of the mind, evil demerit, of covetousness. and displeasure may trickle down. To its control he feels, protects the faculty of the mind. Thus the bhikkhu dress wounds. 5. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu make smoke? Here the bhikkhu, explains the Teaching to others as he has learned and experienced, Thus the bhikkhu makes smoke. 6. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu know the ford: The bhikkhu approaches learned bearers of the Teaching and Discipline, who know the headings, from time to time, to question and cross question, to know the meanings. So that those venerable ones would explain the hidden meanings and would dispel doubts. Thus the bhikkhu knows the ford. 7. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu experience joy? In the Teaching and Discipline declared by the Thus Gone One the bhikkhu experiences meanings, in the Teaching and the resulting joy from it. Thus the bhikkhu experiences joy. 8. How does the bhikkhu know the paths. Here the bhikkhu knows the noble eightfold path as it really is. Thus the bhikkhu knows the path. 9. How is the bhikkhu clever in finding pastures? Here the bhikkhu knows, as it really is, the four establishments of mindfulness. Thus the bhikkhu is clever in finding pastures. 10. How does the bhikkhu make no mistake of not leaving a reminder? Here the bhikkhu accepts robes, morsel food, dwellings and requisites when ill, offered by householders out of faith, knowing the amount to accept. Thus the bhikkhu makes no mistake of not leaving a remainder. 11. How does the bhikkhu not pay attention to the forefathers of the Community. Here the bhikkhu attends with bodily actions of loving kindness, verbal actions of loving kindness, and mental actions of loving kindness, towards the leaders of the Community. Those with a long standing and needing special attention. Thus the bhikkhu attends to the forefathers of the Community. It is possible that the bhikkhu endowed with these eleven characteristics should come to growth and development in this Teaching and Discipline. (Majjima Nikaya, MahÄ gopÄ laka sutta Vol.i,4,3)As well as most famous venerable chulla panthaka’s story also mentioned that the Buddha only teaches the way to get rid of Samsara. Because in that story mentioned chulla panthaka there also learn in self motivation. Not only that story Kisa gothami, Patachara , Khema, stories also mentioned Buddha saw the only way of getting rid of that Samsara for those people. According to above mentioned statement illustrate self motivation is most important thing to understand the Buddhist teaching. In Dhammapada which is Most famous as Handbook of the Buddhist also mentioned some kind of motivation facts in their verses. The glory of him who is energetic, mindful, pure in deed, considerate, self-controlled, right-living, and heedful steadily increases. (Dhammapada 24) By sustaining effort, earnestness, discipline, and self-control let the wise man make for himself an island, which no flood overwhelms. (Dhammapada 25) Indulge not in heedlessness; have no intimacy with sensuous delights. Verily, the earnest, meditative person obtains abundant bliss. (Dhammapada 27) Heedful amongst the heedless, wide awake amongst the slumbering, the wise man advances as do a swift horse, leaving a weak guard behind. (Dhammapada 29) Even as rain does not penetrate a well-thatched house, so does lust not penetrate a well-developed mind. (Dhammapada 14) Though little he recites the Sacred Texts, but acts in accordance with the teaching, forsaking lust, hatred and ignorance, truly knowing, with mind well freed, clinging to naught here and hereafter, he shares the fruits of the Holy Life. (Dhammapada 20) Make haste in doing good; check your mind from evil; for the mind of him who is slow in doing meritorious actions delights in evil. (Dhammapada 116) Should a person commit evil, he should not do it again and again; he should not find pleasure therein: painful is the accumulation of evil. (Dhammapada 117) Should a person perform a meritorious action, he should do it again and again; he should find pleasure therein: blissful is the accumulation of merit. (Dhammapada 118) The flickering, fickle mind, difficult to guard, difficult to control – the wise person straightens it as a fletcher straightens an arrow. (Dhammapada 33) As a conclusion Buddhist teaching for motivation basically mean self motivation. It is helpful to the people to fulfil their aims and goals certain. â€Å"attï‚Å'hi attano nï‚Å'to- kohi nï‚Å'to parosiyï‚Å'† hoping someone’s help is useless. Because of that we can get only help from ourself. If someone can think like that he absolutely attains his goals without any barriers.

Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40

Lissette Rivera Chapters 38-40 Answer all questions on looseleaf or type the answers in from the website and print. PART A: 1. Draw a general diagram of the life cycle of a seed plant. Indicate which steps are haploid and which are diploid. 2. Define microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. In what portion(s) of the flower does each of these processes occur? What is the end product of each process? Microsporogenesis produces our microspores. It occurs in the sporangia of the anther in flowers.Four haploid microspores are produced when the mother cell undergoes meiosis. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain. Megasporogenesis occurs in the sporangium of the ovule of a flower. After meiosis, the embryo sac is produced (egg, nucei, antipodal cells, synergids). 3. Draw and label all parts of a complete flower. Indicate the functions of the major parts. 4. What is pollination? How does it differ from fertilization? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the s tigma of the plant through wind, animals, insects, etc.It differs from fertilization in that fertilization is caused by pollination. Pollination also only occurs in plants whereas fertilization can occur to reproduction in all plants and animals. Pollination 5. Draw and label a mature ovule. Include the micro-pyle, integuments, nucellus, synergids, polar nuclei, egg, and anti-podals. Indicate the functions of each of these structures. 6. What stages of the life cycle are eliminated or bypassed when plants are cloned naturally? When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory? The gametophyte generation is bypassed when plants are cloned naturally.When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory, cutting small pieces of plants can be grown into a complete plant. 7. What does the science of plant biotechnology do that artificial selection and/or cloning practices don’t do? Biotechnology adds genes from other organisms to plants, which other artificial selection or cloning practices does not do. PART B: 1. One of the problems associated with growing plants in space is lack of gravity. a. How does gravity affect the normal growth of a plant’s roots, stems, and other parts? Explain the mechanisms involved.Under gravity, auxin accumulates on the lower side of the root and stems, and slows down elongation of cells in the roots under high concentrations. Auxin concentrations with 10-8 and 10-4 stimulate proton pumps. Enzymes break crosslinks between cellulose molecules and allow the cell to elongate. b. How would a lack of gravity affect normal growth? Seeds rely on the gravitropic responses when they’re underground under absence o flight. c. Propose mechanisms to overcome the problems associated with a lack of gravity. Plant orientation is impacted by light. It counteracts lack of gravity. Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40 Lissette Rivera Chapters 38-40 Answer all questions on looseleaf or type the answers in from the website and print. PART A: 1. Draw a general diagram of the life cycle of a seed plant. Indicate which steps are haploid and which are diploid. 2. Define microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. In what portion(s) of the flower does each of these processes occur? What is the end product of each process? Microsporogenesis produces our microspores. It occurs in the sporangia of the anther in flowers.Four haploid microspores are produced when the mother cell undergoes meiosis. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain. Megasporogenesis occurs in the sporangium of the ovule of a flower. After meiosis, the embryo sac is produced (egg, nucei, antipodal cells, synergids). 3. Draw and label all parts of a complete flower. Indicate the functions of the major parts. 4. What is pollination? How does it differ from fertilization? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the s tigma of the plant through wind, animals, insects, etc.It differs from fertilization in that fertilization is caused by pollination. Pollination also only occurs in plants whereas fertilization can occur to reproduction in all plants and animals. Pollination 5. Draw and label a mature ovule. Include the micro-pyle, integuments, nucellus, synergids, polar nuclei, egg, and anti-podals. Indicate the functions of each of these structures. 6. What stages of the life cycle are eliminated or bypassed when plants are cloned naturally? When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory? The gametophyte generation is bypassed when plants are cloned naturally.When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory, cutting small pieces of plants can be grown into a complete plant. 7. What does the science of plant biotechnology do that artificial selection and/or cloning practices don’t do? Biotechnology adds genes from other organisms to plants, which other artificial selection or cloning practices does not do. PART B: 1. One of the problems associated with growing plants in space is lack of gravity. a. How does gravity affect the normal growth of a plant’s roots, stems, and other parts? Explain the mechanisms involved.Under gravity, auxin accumulates on the lower side of the root and stems, and slows down elongation of cells in the roots under high concentrations. Auxin concentrations with 10-8 and 10-4 stimulate proton pumps. Enzymes break crosslinks between cellulose molecules and allow the cell to elongate. b. How would a lack of gravity affect normal growth? Seeds rely on the gravitropic responses when they’re underground under absence o flight. c. Propose mechanisms to overcome the problems associated with a lack of gravity. Plant orientation is impacted by light. It counteracts lack of gravity.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 28

Marketing - Essay Example Electronics industry is ripe to welcome the new product that would be launched very shortly, which is customised cell phone. A marketing opportunity study was made on developing a new product for the existing market of cell phones. Cell phones of popular brands have limited features. Customers are fed up of the popular brands tactics of providing new technology features in latest range where something is always left to be desired and not fulfilled by the mobile phone companies. Only customised cell phones can be the solution to satisfy the customer needs with an innovative product with dependable services can be the best available means to capture the market well in time when the idea is still new to capture the cell phone users’ attention. What is a customisable mobile phone? A customisable mobile phone is a built-to-order phone that comes with the feature of snapping the unwanted functionality or adding the functionality as per the customer demand. It could be a GSM phone to be customised or the other. The customer will decide whether the phone should be touch screen, bar, flip or smart phone; whether it has a keyboard or the customer prefers a mobile phone without a keyboard. The customised mobile phone will offer the customers the choice to select the operating system of their choice from Google Android, apple, OS X or Microsoft and others. As per the marketing research plan, customised mobile is such an opportunity that can be instrumental in offering a cost-effective mobile phone of high quality. Customers would have the freedom to choose their preferred service provider; no need to subscribe to a particular service provider. The custom-ordered mobile would be available with warranties, after-sale service and rep air (Elgan, 2008). Under the concept of integrated marketing communication (IMC), which is a holistic approach to