How Are the Elements of Realism Used to Present Believable

How are the elements of realism used to present believable characters to the audience? â€Å"If you know your character's thoughts, the proper vocal and bodily expressions will naturally follow† said by the creator of realist theatre Constantine Stanislavski, is used heavily in the assistance to the portrayal and understanding of the characters in Ray Lawler’s ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’. Actors and actresses can achieve great heights with the depiction of the characters through Lawler’s use of dramatic elements and a constant realist setting and symbolic props. Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’ is a play set in Australia during the 1950’s which was a crucial period in the development of the Australian identity. It was a time of post-war reconstruction and immigration, of materialism, a wool boom, of suburban comfort and conservatism- the first decade since early in the century in which the ordinary Australian had not been hounded by war, depression and drought. It was also a time period in which the sugar cane industry was booming and many workers made their way up to the sugar cane fields in Queensland to harvest the sugar cane and earn a living.This was the occupation of Barney and Roo as they are coming back from their seventeenth year working in the fields as the play begins. Like all realist and naturalist plays, the characters portrayed in ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’ are in a constant state of flux, reflecting human actions within the cultural milieu of 1950’s Australia, attempting to present perspectives on ‘truth’ in such a way that the Australian culture can digest that ‘truth’ as they desperately struggle to hold on to the adopted traditions that regularly take place within the lay-off season.Lawler effectively uses symbolism to distinctly highlight the characters ongoing futile attempts to hold on to their various illusions, through the accidental s mashing of the vase containing the seventeenth doll, and as the play progresses their flaws unfold. Olive and her perception of the lay-off season becomes her flaw as she considers this a time in which she can thoroughly enjoy herself in the company of men without the fear of commitment and the pressures of a family. She made a mistake’ is replied by Olive after Pearl had said, ‘Didn’t seem to stop her from getting married’, as Olive shows her unwillingness to be within wedlock. ‘Compared to all the marriages I know, what i got is †¦ is five months of heaven every year’ as Olive further reinforces her unchanging views of marriage. Also the men have their flaws through their pride and masculinity suffering a severe beating. Roo, the silly cow, strains his back’ is told by Barney to Olive of Roo’s horrid year in the fields then continues on to say ‘Instead of pointin’ out he had a bad back, he puts himself to work by this Dowd – gonna show him up, see’ further accentuating his grip on his pride and masculinity. However Roo and Barney engage into a heated argument which eventuates into the smashing of the vase which contained the seventeenth doll. ‘The big man rips it from his hands and throws it away into the centre of the room, smashing the vase and scattering the dolls’.At this high point of tension the audience feels shocked as the vase and the dolls had symbolised the great joy that the lay-off season is supposed to bring. ‘There is a sudden silence. Olive sinks to her knees and picks up the seventeenth doll, hold it close’ the absence of dialogue is extremely effective as the audience can feel the raw emotions of Olive as the smashed vase symbolises her hopes of the lay-off season being shattered into pieces. Through slow and accentuated movements the audiences can easily understand the significance of the doll to Olive therefore deeply sympathise with her character.Furthermore the shattering of the vase is again symbolic for Roo as just before the vase was smashed it was revealed that his back wasn’t sore and that it was jealousy that led him to lie about his back. ‘He never had a bad back’ was exclaimed by Barney moments before the smashing of the vase. This again was highly symbolic of the smashing as the realisation of his fleeting masculinity and the inevitability of his ageing mind and body are finally beginning to sink in, and his true self is revealed to the audience.Also, considering the play was set in the 1950’s of Australia, the people of Australia had their own unique way of the pronunciation of words and had adopted a very colloquial styled language. Lawler had taken this firmly into account as he consolidated this type of language into the play. ‘†¦ the regulars'd stand aside to let 'em through, just as if they was a – a coupla kings’ was said by Olive as she described Barney and Roo. Again, Olive says ‘these are a coupla sugarcane cutters’.This exemplifies an ordinary, raw and realistic representation of Australian culture and life in the 1950’s which is especially evident through the word â€Å"coupla. † In pairs we worked to together to workshop a scene between Olive and Pearl which involved us changing our tone of voice to suite the 1950's Australian language. ‘Well I dunno what it's gunna be like livin' here' was a line that I said as I had played Pearl and using the words â€Å"dunno†, â€Å"gunna† and â€Å"livin† really assisted me in believing in my role and my character.When we performed or dramatic reading in front of the class the authenticity of a 1950's Australian was shown through the alterations in our tone of voice as it became laid back in the not climactic beats of the scene and our accents deepened and again our tone of voice altered in the high points of tension, ‘Here, sit down and shut up if you can't talk sense. ‘ In class we worked together to create a scene through our dramatic reading that lead me play Roo in the scene where Barney smashes the vase containing the seventeenth doll.The lines that were read were as follows: Roo: No, I think that’s up to you [he charges across at Barney, pushing Olive out of the way. He savagely whips Barney’s arm behind his back, and forces him to his knees, facing the women] It's your lie – you tell'em! Barney: [his face contorted with pain]Aah – cut it out. Roo: [increasing the pressure] tell’em Barney: [gasping] he never had a bad back. At the high point in tension where I (Roo) charged over at Barney and grabbed his arm and whipped it behind his back I used fast explosive movements to convey to the audience the frustration and anger felt by Roo.I forced Barney to his knees in order to show the levels between the characters so that Roo was the more domina nt figure, and when Barney was to reveal the secret to the women, he would've had to comprehend extreme guilt whilst feeling lower and belittled towards everyone else. ‘His face contorted with pain', the person playing Barney reacted to the arm whipping feeling very subdued with dynamic facial expressions to compliment the pain he must have felt.As I ‘increased the pressure' and forcefully exclaimed â€Å"tell'em†, all of my movements were extremely tense as I created this enticing moment for the audience and the characters. The person playing Barney ‘gasped' and revealed the enticing situation and said ‘he never had a bad back'. The characters and audience were left stunned at this revelation and, the tone, movements and facial expressions used within those beats and units had created strong dramatic meaning as the audience was gripped onto hat would happen next. The concept of dramatic realism operates within Summer of the Seventeenth Doll through as pects such as the use of slang, language, set, costume approximates real life, natural language rhythms, relevance to society of that era, etc. Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is set in the 1950s, Olive and her black dresses and when she changes it for that night symbolising change and at the end when she changes back to black and symbolising nothing has changed

Footbinding in China Essay

Fashion and clothing has been part of cultures through out the world. Many cultures distinguish themselves from other cultures through their clothing. Since the beginning of time, people have been known to have three basic needs. These are food, clothing and shelter. Clothing has evolved from just plain bundles of leaves to cover the sensitive areas of a person to sophisticated dresses today. Clothing plays a big role in cultures and it also gives distinction to people with power or its social status. The social norm we have even in the ancient times is that women are inclined to be conscious of their fashion and clothing while men are less inclined to theses kinds of interests. Cloths have been used to showcase the prestige and wealth of people. In the ancients times, the chief of ancient villages wear the most extravagant and exotic cloths. The Chinese’s emperor wore cloths made from the finest fabrics and most expensive materials in the world. That being said, nobility in the European regions also wore cloths with distinct designs as signs of their power and wealth. The importance of clothing involves also the battle of sexes. Women are thought to be cautious of their dresses or clothing. The female gender has been said to be the fashionable of the two sexes. According to Jennifer Craik, author of a book regarding fashion, â€Å"Women are fashionable but men are not†. Men on the other hand are more focus on the procurement of money and power. In medieval times, men used to be the ones doing business, finding jobs for their family and providing for the household. Women in return were domesticated and lived lives in service of their husbands. The value of clothing as a commodity is often times the one we see. Clothing provides more than just a need but it is also a part of our lifestyles. Clothing can give us various information. It can tell you if a person’s mood, personality and social status. People who are not that rich often don’t wear extravagant expensive cloths. People who are in big businesses and are rich wear nice and more expensive cloths. Ladies who are in the mood to have fun and mingle with men would wear revealing and sexy dresses. Women who are not in the mood to have fun would rather wear plain clothing that does not attract that big attention. Clothing plays big roles in various cultures. In China, there used to be a famous practice among Chinese families. In between the 10th century to the early 20th century the Chinese culture has a practice that involved little girls aged 4-7 to undergo a ritual called foot binding. The goal of the practice is to achieve a â€Å"lotus foot†. Lotus foot is deformed foot in which foot binding was done. The start or origin of foot binding has no clear historical text that explains its beginnings. Stories from historians believe that a certain prince in the Tang dynasty had a concubine with little feet and it became a trend among people in that time to have small feet. Tang dynasty was famous for their dancers who had small feet. The practice was famous among the higher class societies in the Qing dynasty. â€Å"†¦many women in China did not bind their feet due to ethnic and class barriers. It remained primarily an elite upper-class until the eighteenth and nineteenth century†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ko, 2002, p. 12). The foot binding practice is done by wrapping the child’s feet until she is at an age of late adolescent. The feet are wrapped s tight that it will not allow the feet to grow over 6 inches in length. The result of this practice is permanent damage the feet of women who underwent the ritual. The foot is prone to infection and diseases. In the process of foot binding, the foot usually gets fractured and deformed. Women that were footbinded would walk in a manner where they would sway in a particular form while walking since they have deformed feet. The Chinese cultured was said to see this kind of walk as sexy and erotic. They call this kind of walk â€Å"lotus gait†. The reason for foot binding is always a question even historians can’t give a definite answer. Some people say this practice is done to make sure the women who are subjected to footbinding will be forever dependent to their family or husband. We should also take note that the Chinese culture is famous for arranged marriage. This means that the family of the male usually buys or arranges the marriage of heir son to a girl even before they reached adolescent. The practice could signify the dependency and submission of the girl to her husband. For some who practices this kind of ritual, it is also a sign of chastity in the part of the girl. The main question now is if this kind of practice is a turn on and sexual fetish or not at all. Based on historical context, the Chinese culture in ancient times valued males over females. Emperors, traders, educated citizen etc were always males. Females were viewed as their sexual object and only left at home to be housewives. The male dominated society of China sees footbinding as a form of foot fetish. Foot fetish comes in a form of submission. Like many sexual fetishes, submission in Asian culture is one dominant fetish. For binding is not forced upon the female sex. In fact, it is usually parents that initiate this kind of practice so their daughter can get a good husband in the future. This practice is a kind of submission because it makes the females owned by their husbands or lover. The feet have been one of the fetishes of humanity. The shape and contour plus the fact that it is hidden make it more exciting in terms of sexual excitement. Many cultures see the feet as sexy and erotic. Foot fetish could also be the cause why footbinding started. It could be that Chinese culture in the past sees small feet and â€Å"lotus gait† as seductive and sexually exciting. The foot binding ritual is a proof that the foot is also an erotic part of the body. We usually find things hidden or kept from us exciting. Like the breast and genitals, the feet of girls are also hidden most of the time. This is why footbinding is a form of erotism and a form of foot fetish. Fetishes come in various forms in different cultures and era. It just so happens that the foot fetish in ancient china used this kind of body modification to gratify their lust for foot fetish. Although many people protested even in the 10th century regarding this unnatural practice, the practice was done till the late 20th century. The practice became really popular because in the time when foot binding was rampant, husbands tend to choose girls with small feet. Mothers think that in order for their child to have husbands; they have to have small feet. The only way to prevent it from growing is to bind it. In a way, it is also being sexually attractive. To further explain this, our generation today sees women who are well endowed with nice breast as more attractive. Girls who are not endowed with nice breast opt to have breast enlargement surgery to be more confident and attractive. It has always been the battle of self-esteem. Girls who are inferior in terms of sexual attractiveness will most likely marry and have a partner in life. The foot binding practice is not far from cosmetics surgery today. As we know, humans are sexual beings. The feet is one part of the body we seldom incorporate with sex but the truth is that many people sees the feet as erotic and arousing. Many literatures tell us how the foot can elicit sexual energy. In Qing dynasty, they had a manual in which it teaches 48 different ways of playing with the feet. This clearly shows that erotism through the feet is one of the reasons why footbinding was done. There can be many reasons why footbinding is done. Erotism, foot fetish, battle of sexual attractiveness of women, a way to ensure the future of a girl through a marriage because of being sexually attractive or it can also be just culture itself. â€Å"†¦foot fetishes likens a woman with bound feet to a ballerina soaring on toes or a person wearing a six inch heels†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ko, 2002, p10. ) The fact that this kind of practice is not mandatory and they are done even by parents shows that this practice starts out to be not a submissive practice in nature but can turn into a form of submission later on. If a man marries the girl because he is attracted sexually with her feet then it can be said that the girl submitted to the husband due to her feet’s â€Å"attractiveness†. Another way of seeing this is that footbinding would not be a fad and practice if men in china did not show any inclination to girls with small feet. Today, footbinding is almost non-existent even in china. The Manchu had a campaign against it and it was seen as a bad practice. In the 20th century, the western countries created another foot fetish kind of fad. This is the high heeled shoes. Although footbinding is not similar to wearing high heels, some of the reasons of using high heels are the same as footbindings. The similarities of these practices are that both of them are sources of foot fetish erotism . Both footbinding and high heels gives emphasis on the beauty of the feet. It makes it more erotic and sexual. Wearing high heels makes women stick their buttock out and walks a sexy gait. Footbinding also makes women walk in a sexy gait. The differences of these two are quite more than their similarities. In terms of period of practice, the foot fetish is practices at the 9th century to 19th century. The high heels was started at around 14th century in France. The place and continent in which these were created was also different. It was an asian practice while the other is European or western. The permanency of wearing high heels ends after removing the shoe while footbiding is permanent. High heel shoes does seem to have lots of negative effects on the body especially the back but it can be helped by avoiding it. Footbinding is a permanent state. The damage done to the foot is irreversible and the pain is also far more than high heels. The decision of wearing a high heeled should depend on the person while mothers are the ones who decide if their daughter will be footbinded. Footbind tends to be a submission in nature while high heels can make women submissive or dominant in terms of nature of the wearing it. While there are similarities, footbinding and wearing high heels are different. It can be called modern day footbinding in terms of its erotic appearance but the permanent damage done by footbinding to please men is far too extreme. I would compare cosmetic surgery to footbinding more than wearing high heels. Today women undergo surgeries just to please their confidence that they are attractive to men. These practices make us realize that humans have the tendency to do extreme behaviors in terms of pleasing the other sex and society. In conclusion, after the removal of foot binding in china, women today in china does not need to undergo this kind of practice to be respected. They are seen to be equal to men and are starting to be a dominate proponent of social change. Women today are not anymore pressured to have small feet just to ensure men will like them. The image of women as sex object is slowly being replaced by great women who influence the Chinese society. Footbinding is part of China’s ancient practices. It serves as a lesson that humans can do extremes things to their body just to please others. It is a part of china’s history that shows us how out world today understands and accepts that men and women are created equally and must be treated similarly. References Jackson, Beverly. Splendid slipper: A Thousand years of an erotic tradition. Ten speed Press, 1997. Ko, Dorothy. Every Step a Lotus: Shoes for bound feet. California: University of California Press, 2001. Leganeur, J. J. â€Å"All About Wearing High Heels. † 31 August 2003. â€Å"East (Chinese) Footbinding vs. West (French) High Heels. †18 May 2008 . Levy, Howard S. The Lotus lovers:prometeus books. New York, 1992. Nosotro, R. â€Å"Change over time Essay†. 2000. â€Å"Women in China†. 18 May 2008. . Riello, Gregorio and Mcneil, Peter. Shoes. Berg, 2006.

Science as the Prominent Segments in Human Life Assignment - 1

Science as the Prominent Segments in Human Life - Assignment Example It is difficult to think about an area in human life for which science and technology have not contributed to assist or improve. But it is essential to moderate the importance of Science in many areas of human life if considering that sometimes, experience dominates over Science. For instance, Business is an area where experience plays a vital role rather than science in determining success, even if Education within this area is giving great importance to the theorization of concepts in Business. Business science is mostly taught in academic subjects. Master of Business Administration (MBA) is accepted as the worldwide course which dealt with the essentials of business science. It deals with mainly the essential theoretical knowledge required for starting and maintaining a business successfully. It always provides general ideas which quite often may not be enough in real business scenarios. The students are getting mainly theoretical knowledge and understanding of the business through such courses. But the application part and skills development can be accomplished only through practical experiences. Most of the individuals, irrespective of the workers, clients or customers may come from different socio-economic and political standards and hence the knowledge about different communities, societies, political systems, ethnic groups, environment, etc are essential for a new entrepreneur. Business science may not give many ideas about such things to a student. For example, Dubai, however the difficulties it is currently facing, is a place where a lot of foreigners are working together under one roof. An MBA degree holder graduated from India or China may not feel comfortable if he happens to work in Dubai initially.  

Current topic III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Assessment Action Plan - Assignment Example To ensure the success of the Software Upgradation Project, it is important to partner with the best consultants in the Industry that have successfully implemented projects pertaining to migration from old versions of Windows to Windows Vista and from old versions of Word to Word 2007. It is understood that any software will never be 100% complete from the perspective of the Business Requirement Specifications and also the Word 2007 Application will serve as the lifeline of the business post implementation the way the current versions of Word are critical to business. The selected consultant is expected to have a sound track record, an experienced implementation & customization team, and a sound Project Management methodology. In order to assess if the consultants have genuinely worked upon such migration projects in the past, the following shall be verified: The process of verification shall be called the "Desktop Review". Overall such documents and records would be requested for verifications only and then returned back after the convincing exercise is completed. These documents & records are their intellectual properties and hence shall not be retained. The objective is to carry out an in-depth convincing exercise. ... (d) Does the consultant possess adequate documents & records that can be showcased to verify the in-house R&D efforts to build internal expertise and competencies The process of verification shall be called the "Desktop Review". Overall such documents and records would be requested for verifications only and then returned back after the convincing exercise is completed. These documents & records are their intellectual properties and hence shall not be retained. The objective is to carry out an in-depth convincing exercise. In addition to verifying these documents about the consultants, we plan to speak to the customer references provided by the consultants using a questionnaire. The consultants are expected to present a clear plan on what requirements are already mapped with their current competencies/track record and how the rest would be fulfilled. It is important to clearly identify the areas where a feasibility of implementation doesn't exist. The project management team of the consultant is expected to have adequate experience in bringing to table these finer details to enable the internal project committee to verify the acceptance by going back to the business requirement specifications and analyze the impacts on business of the infeasibility of certain requirements which cannot be met by the consultants. Detailed Assessment Action Plan: Before a contract is awarded to the final selected consultant, a number of parameters pertaining to the consultant and their competencies shall be evaluated. It is hereby proposed that the Project Committee would list down all parameters that can influence the decision, assign a weighting to each

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CRJ 422 Week 4 discussions 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJ 422 Week 4 discussions 1 and 2 - Essay Example Working with school administrations, community centers, rehabilitation centers and the juvenile courts, the career path will help in fulfilling my life term passion of impacting directly on peoples’ lives through offering expert opinion on how juveniles can be corrected and handled. This significant stride in choosing an ambitious career path must equally be attributed to concrete knowledge instilled in me through my study in Ashford University. In preparation for my final capstone project on juvenile violence and delinquency, I found it surprising at the escalating figures of the number of juveniles who are involved in criminal activities. The degenerating nature of the juvenile institution in the society struck me as an issue that demands immediate mitigation measures. Before beginning my research on the topic "juvenile violence and delinquency," I did not put into consideration the significance of drug abuse as a causative agent of juvenile violence and delinquency. Nevertheless, through the course of the research, I have come to realize that the position of drug abuse coupled with hopelessness among the youth has significantly led to the rise in incidences of juvenile violence and delinquency. Through analysis of criminal theories, I also came to realize that there is a lot the criminal and social justice system can borrow from the sociological, biological, economical and physiological theories of crime. Through the application of these theories and their recommendation, incidences of juvenile violence and delinquency can be reduced in the society. Biological theory for instance recommends a change in characteristics of a mother during pregnancy like avoidance of smoking to ensure that the baby is born to a healthy mental state while economic theory grounds on the need for economic engagement of the youth to prevent them from engaging

Thomas Nagel, death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thomas Nagel, death - Essay Example There are a number of arguments that have been presented in the written work by Nagel concerning the death being an ultimate loss. However, the major aspect that has been well evaluated by the author through rhetoric is the understanding of death being an ultimate loss or the perfect end of an existence. Herein, one can notice that there is strength as well as weakness of the claim concerning death in the written piece. Firstly, the author has appointed two hypotheses to evaluate the subject matter from various perspectives. The appointment of such an approach has rather allowed the author to bring differing viewpoints in contrast1. In such a way, the author has been extremely successful in allowing the readers to understand the context of discussion. It is one of the ways through which the literature gap could easily be understood. As a matter of fact, the weakness of the argument is in terms of pathos. The author has not been able to make an effective use of pathos that could have allowed better back up to the claims and information presented. For instance, the author asserted that life itself is meaningful and one can notice that if there is no evil or good then it, there remains certain value. In order to present a counter crime, the author has weakened the position by asserting that the loss cannot be accounted. On a closer analysis of the pointers and claims presented by Nagel, it comes to understanding that he has brought a very profound debate. There are a number of critics who can consider the hypothesis to be overly presented within the context. The usage of counter arguments as presented by the author surely presented death to be the end of existence but it does not formally answer the questions. In simpler words, the claims and arguments within the article rather leave more questions to be answered. For instance, the understanding of the article by Nagel has been closely underpinned for further research by

Latin America News Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Latin America News Review - Essay Example Cubans are portrayed as conservative people who are firmly attached to their cultures and practices. However, the young generation is embracing new and modern life. This results in a significant generation gap since the old still hold on to what they believe is their sovereignty. A country full of high economic growth potential is what Cuba portrays itself to be. Tourism is doing immensely strong with a record of 3.4 million visitors last year; the tourism sector represents only 10 percent of the economy thus it is apparent that this country has an enormous potential for economic growth. Positive returns can be seen for those who agree to leave and work elsewhere. Through an informative research conducted by Marla Dukharan (Mc Williams 2015), it is anticipated that the remittances of the Cubans working out of Cuba increases to more than 3.5 billion biannually. Cubans are appreciating involvement in small-scale trading, and this is manifested in increased small and medium enterprises such as cafes and bars (Mc Williams 2015).1 The political structure of Cuba has significantly evolved, comparing Fidel Castro regime, and the present time situation, changes such as an increase in the number of political parties are evident. Cubans feel that this is a revolution and an active political reform (Moore 2015). Previously, the country was categorized as a communist society. Critical analysis, however, portrays high levels of individual self-interest amongst the wealthy. Mc Williams, David. 2015. Irish Independent : Cuban Society Is Full Of Contradiction, Now The People Must Pick Their Part Of Change. Ireland, February 11,